Object–relational mapping implements the first approach. The programmer must either convert the object values into groups of simpler values for storage in the database (and convert them back upon retrieval), or only use simple scalar values within the program.
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Various methods can be associated with the object, such as methods to return the preferred phone number, the home address, and so on.īy contrast, many popular database products such as SQL database management systems (DBMS) are not object-oriented and can only store and manipulate scalar values such as integers and strings organized within tables. Each such address-book entry is treated as a single object by the programming language (it can be referenced by a single variable containing a pointer to the object, for instance). The list of phone numbers would itself contain "PhoneNumber objects" and so on. This could be modeled in an object-oriented implementation by a "Person object" with an attribute/field to hold each data item that the entry comprises: the person's name, a list of phone numbers, and a list of addresses.
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For example, consider an address book entry that represents a single person along with zero or more phone numbers and zero or more addresses. In object-oriented programming, data-management tasks act on objects that are almost always non- scalar values.
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There are both free and commercial packages available that perform object–relational mapping, although some programmers opt to construct their own ORM tools. This creates, in effect, a "virtual object database" that can be used from within the programming language. Object–relational mapping ( ORM, O/RM, and O/R mapping tool) in computer science is a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming languages.